Type 2 diabetes is another common condition managed by internal medicine specialists, and diet is a cornerstone of effective treatment. When managing diabetes, the focus should be on controlling blood sugar levels and maintaining a healthy weight.

Carbohydrates have the most direct impact on blood glucose levels, so choosing the right types of carbohydrates is critical. Foods with a low glycemic index (GI), such as legumes, whole grains, and non-starchy vegetables, release sugar more slowly into the bloodstream, which helps maintain steady glucose levels. On the other hand, refined sugars and processed carbohydrates cause rapid spikes in blood sugar and should be avoided.

Patients are encouraged to consume high-fiber foods, including fruits, vegetables, and legumes, which slow the absorption of sugar and improve blood glucose control. Protein sources like lean meats, fish, tofu, and legumes should be included in the diet, as they provide satiety without spiking blood sugar levels.

For many, incorporating regular physical activity alongside dietary modifications helps improve insulin sensitivity and aids in maintaining a healthy weight. Internal medicine physicians can provide tailored nutritional guidance to help patients manage their diabetes effectively, reducing the risk of complications such as nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, and kidney problems.